Syria Geography, Facts, and History

Syria Geography, Facts, and History Capital and Major Cities Capital: Damascus, populace 1.7 million Significant Cities: Aleppo, 4.6 million Homs, 1.7 million Hama, 1.5 million Idleb, 1.4 million al-Hasakeh, 1.4 million Dayr al-Zur, 1.1 million Latakia, 1 million Dara, 1 million Legislature of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is ostensibly a republic, however in fact, it is administered by a tyrant system headed by President Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Socialist Baath Party. In the 2007 decisions, Assad got 97.6% of the vote. From 1963 to 2011, Syria was under a State of Emergency that permitted the president uncommon forces; in spite of the fact that the State of Emergency has formally been lifted today, respectful freedoms remain shortened. Alongside the president, Syria has two VPs - one accountable for household strategy and the other for international strategy. The 250-seat assembly or Majlis al-Shaab is chosen by mainstream vote in favor of four-year terms. The president fills in as the leader of the Supreme Judicial Council in Syria. He additionally names the individuals from the Supreme Constitutional Court, which supervises races and rules on the defendability of laws. There are mainstream claims courts and courts of the principal occurrence, just as Personal Status Courts that utilization sharia law to govern on marriage and separation cases. Dialects The official language of Syria is Arabic, a Semitic language. Significant minority dialects incorporate Kurdish, which is from the Indo-Iranian part of Indo-European; Armenian, which is Indo-European on the Greek branch; Aramaic, another Semitic language; and Circassian, a Caucasian language. Notwithstanding these first languages, numerous Syrians can communicate in French. France was the League of Nations required force in Syria after World War I. English is likewise developing in notoriety as a language of global talk in Syria. Populace The number of inhabitants in Syria is around 22.5 million (2012 gauge). Of those, about 90% are Arab, 9% are Kurds, and the remaining 1% is comprised of little quantities of Armenians, Circassians, and Turkmens. What's more, there are around 18,000 Israeli pioneers possessing the Golan Heights. Syrias populace is developing rapidly, with yearly development of 2.4%. The normal future for men is 69.8 years, and for ladies 72.7 years. Religion in Syria Syria has an unpredictable exhibit of religions spoke to among its residents. Roughly 74% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims. Another 12% (counting the al-Assad family) are Alawis or Alawites, an off-shoot of the Twelver school inside Shiism. Roughly 10% are Christians, for the most part of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, yet additionally including Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, and Assyrian Church of the East individuals. Roughly three percent of Syrians are Druze; this interesting confidence consolidates Shia convictions of the Ismaili school with Greek way of thinking and Gnosticism. Little quantities of Syrians are Jewish or Yazidist. Yazidism is a syncretic conviction framework for the most part among ethnic Kurds that joins Zoroastrianism and Islamic Sufism. Geology Syria is arranged on the eastern finish of the Mediterranean Sea. It has an all out zone of 185,180 square kilometers (71,500 square miles), partitioned into fourteen authoritative units. Syria shares land fringes with Turkey toward the north and west, Iraq toward the east, Jordan and Israel toward the south, and Lebanon toward the southwest. Albeit a lot of Syria is desert, 28% of its property is arable, thanks in enormous part to water system water from the Euphrates River. The most noteworthy point in Syria is Mount Hermon, at 2,814 meters (9,232 feet). The absolute bottom is close to the Sea of Galilee, at - 200 meters from the ocean (- 656 feet). Atmosphere Syrias atmosphere is very differed, with a generally damp coast and a desert inside isolated by a semiarid zone in the middle. While the coast midpoints just about 27Â °C (81Â °F) in August, temperatures in the desert normally outperform 45Â °C (113Â °F). Additionally, precipitation along the Mediterranean midpoints 750 to 1,000 mm for every year (30 to 40 inches), while the desert sees only 250 millimeters (10 inches). Economy In spite of the fact that it has ascended into the center positions of countries as far as the economy over ongoing decades, Syria faces financial vulnerability because of political turmoil and universal assents. It relies upon horticulture and oil sends out, the two of which are declining. Defilement is additionally an issue.on horticulture and oil sends out, the two of which are declining. Debasement is likewise an issue. Roughly 17% of the Syrian workforce is in the horticulture part, while 16% are in industry and 67% in administrations. The joblessness rate is 8.1%, and 11.9% of the populace live underneath the neediness line. Syrias per capita GDP in 2011 was about $5,100 US. As of June 2012, 1 US dollar 63.75 Syrian pounds. History of Syria Syria was one of the early focuses of Neolithic human culture 12,000 years prior. Significant advances in agribusiness, for example, the improvement of household grain assortments and the restraining of animals, likely occurred in the Levant, which incorporates Syria. By around 3000 BCE, the Syrian city-province of Ebla was the capital of a significant Semitic domain that had exchange relations with Sumer, Akkad and even Egypt. The attacks of the Sea Peoples interfered with this human advancement during the second thousand years BCE, be that as it may. Syria went under Persian control during the Achaemenid time frame (550-336 BCE)Â and then tumbled to the Macedonians under Alexander the Great after Persias rout in the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE). Throughout the following three centuries, Syria would be governed by the Seleucids, the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Armenians. At long last, in 64 BCE it turned into a Roman provinceâ and remained so until 636 CE. Syria rose to unmistakable quality after the establishing of the Muslim Umayyad Empire in 636 CE, which named Damascus as its capital. At the point when the Abbasid Empire uprooted the Umayyads in 750, be that as it may, the new rulers moved the capital of the Islamic world to Baghdad. The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) looked to recapture authority over Syria, more than once assaulting, catching and afterward losing significant Syrian urban communities somewhere in the range of 960 and 1020 CE. Byzantine desires blurred when the Seljuk Turks attacked Byzantium in the late eleventh century, likewise vanquishing pieces of Syria itself. Simultaneously, notwithstanding, Christian Crusaders from Europe started setting up the little Crusader States along the Syrian coast. They were restricted by hostile to Crusader warriors including, among others, the well known Saladin, who was the ruler of Syria and Egypt. Both the Muslims and the Crusaders in Syria confronted an existential danger in the thirteenth century, as the quickly extending Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate Mongols attacked Syriaâ and met furious opposition from rivals including the Egyptian Mamluk armed force, which crushed the Mongols sufficiently at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in 1260. The enemies battled on until 1322, however in the in the interim, the pioneers of the Mongol armed force in the Middle East changed over to Islam and became absorbed into the way of life of the region. The Ilkhanate grew dim of presence in the mid fourteenth century, and the Mamluk Sultanate set its grasp on the region. In 1516, another force assumed responsibility for Syria. The Ottoman Empire, situated in Turkey, would administer Syria and the remainder of the Levant until 1918. Syria turned into a moderately little-respected backwater in the tremendous Ottoman regions. The Ottoman king tragically aligned himself with the Germans and Austro-Hungarians in World War I; when they lost the war, the Ottoman Empire, otherwise called the Sick Man of Europe, self-destructed. Under management by the new League of Nations, Britain and France isolated the previous Ottoman grounds in the Middle East between themselves. Syria and Lebanon became French commands. An enemy of provincial revolt in 1925 by a brought together Syrian masses scared the French so much that they depended on severe strategies to put down the disobedience. In a review of French arrangements a couple of decades later in Vietnam, the French armed force drove tanks through the urban communities of Syria, thumping down houses, immediately executing presumed revolts, and in any event, besieging regular people from the air. During World War II, the Free French government announced Syria autonomous from Vichy France, while maintaining all authority to veto any bill passed by the new Syrian lawmaking body. The last French soldiers left Syria in April of 1946, and the nation increased a proportion of genuine autonomy. All through the 1950s and mid 1960s, Syrian legislative issues were ridiculous and turbulent. In 1963, an upset put the Baath Party into power; it stays in charge right up 'til the present time. Hafez al-Assad took over both the gathering and the nation in a 1970 coupâ and the administration went to his child Bashar al-Assad following Hafez al-Assads demise in 2000. The more youthful Assad was viewed as an expected reformer and modernizer, however his system has demonstrated degenerate and savage. Starting in the spring of 2011, a Syrian Uprising looked to topple Assad as a major aspect of the Arab Spring development.

Office of Auditor General

Questions: Question 1 You ,the reviewer, went to the stock tally (stocktake ) of your customer Smith Equipment and watched the accompanying during the check :1. Distribution center staff checked explicit zones of the stock as controlled by the stockroom administrator ;staff individuals ,counting the distribution center boss , were designated their own region to rely on their own.2. A few clear pieces of paper were given to every individual from staff doing the counting.3. Staff were told to record the stock depiction and number tallied .4. Staff were advised to compose the stock amounts in pencil on the sheets to guarantee blunders can be revised .5. Any staff that finished a segment early were designated to another territory to assist one of the other staff .6.The boss gathered all sheets toward the finish of the check to conclude the stock tally .Required :Identify the shortcomings in the stocktake techniques above and distinguish how they could be improved.Question 2You , the evaluator , hav e gone through 5 years as an examiner . In this opportunity you have gone over various blunders in performing bank compromises . Coming up next are a portion of these errors:1. An unreconciled thing of $340 was on the last bank compromise of the customer and was esteemed by the customer to be immaterial.2.Two stores totalling $4070 identifying with debt claims were gathered on 3July ( 30 June year end) however recorded as money receipts on 30 June.3.An sum from a partner organization of $40,000 was banked 2 days before the year's end in the customers financial balance and afterward took care of multi week after the year's end .4.A check for $6,000 was discarded from the remarkable check list on the bank compromise at 30 June . It cleared the bank on the 14 August .5.A bank move of $20,000 was incorporated as a store in travel at 30 June in the bookkeeping records.Required :(a) What control ought to be executed to decrease the probability of each of the above?(b) What is a review str ategy to distinguish or forestall each of the abovementioned? Question 3The after is a concentrate from a working paper containing the aftereffects of the trial of controls in the records payable territory: Test Result End Chosen various provider solicitations and watched that the estimating and limits have been evaluated and approved by the buying director . Six out of 50 solicitations tried had not been approved Incorrect limits were recorded for these solicitations. A follow up of the four mistaken solicitations didn't feature an example or explicit explanation behind the blunders. Acknowledged as the blunders in the limits asserted were irrelevant . Required:(a) Identify the key declaration tended to by the test technique .(b) Provide a clarification with respect to why the end came to is proper or inappropriate.(c) Outline the key control methodology that you accept should be performed. Answers: 1. While review of the asset report of the organization there are not many things those should be looked and examined with better applied scientific and meaningful techniques of the equivalent. The duty of Inventory control lies with the chief of the stockroom of the area. The Manager must guarantee that the staff individuals who are engaged with stocktaking must mindful of the built up technique which should be followed in stock taking. He is answerable for legitimate co-appointment between the staff part and furthermore have the obligation to finish the stock review. Be that as it may, it is obligation of the examiner to visit the stocktaking site to decide the adequacy of the stock taking. The moderate moving stock in an organization. There are many money dealings which get hindered because of deferral in stock being changed over go into cash.The principle intension and target of Stocktaking is as follows:a) To confirm the exactness of stockb) The Stock valuation as expressed in t he fiscal report must be bolstered by the physical confirmation of stock.c) To check the shortcoming in the control and care of stock.d) To reveal the chance of Stock, burglary or misfortune. (Smith 2013)In the given case examiner has gone to the stock taking of Smith Equipment and certain errors has been found by them which is portrayed as follows: SI.No. Shortcoming Improvement Recommendation 1. Just explicit territories were tallied which was not right as chief may have some close to home enthusiasm for the equivalent. Notwithstanding, it is obligation of the Warehouse director to check all the zone has been secured and no territory has been left and physical confirmation of each thing has been done appropriately 2. Issuance of clear sheet to every individual from staff doing the tally Rather than Issuing clear sheet to the stocktaking staff stock take scanner ought to be distributed to stock taker which will be utilized by them in stock bringing with the stock taking guidance. This brings better inward control and odds of mistake and loosing clear sheet is additionally low. 3 Utilization of pencils permitted The corre3ction degree ought to ot be given to the stock takers as this would guarantee issues in test checking. 4. Staff Were Instructed to Write down the stock portrayal and number tallied Rather than giving this kind of Instructor stock scanner as expressed above ought to be given to each staff so that there is less odds of blunder and it will bring more exactness. In any case, there is sure more proposal which helps smith Equipment in better stock endeavor. This is as follows:1) Before beginning Stock date all the conceivable territory and the item should be identified.2) Meeting must be held with the staff part who will help in stock taking to guarantee that they should know precisely what they need to do and how to do.3) Any Question or disarray of the Staff part should be settled and any recommendation which helps in better stock taking must be implemented.4) Whenever any inconsistencies saw a similar item should be relate for reconfirming the said discrepancies.5) All the staff part occupied with the stock take must be appropriately guided by the stores supervisor during stock taking.6) Stock Scanner must be given to each staff part to better and increasingly exact stock taking.7) Any out of date , harmed or terminated item which has been seen during the physical confirmation must be reported.8) Stores Manager must guarantee that the out o f date material must be expelled from the store and legitimate account has been done.9) Physical check report ought to be made and it should be submitted to the outer auditor.10) Before presenting the report to the External Auditor report must be talked about inside with the administration so that there will be less changes of blunder. (Jacob october, 2012)2. Command over the bank compromise guarantees that all the money exchange has been appropriately recorded in the books of records for a given timeframe. Bank compromise likewise guarantees the exactness of the Financial Statement. With the assistance of bank compromise any oversight of exchange in the books of records can b handily distinguished regardless of the explanation that where exclusion is because of misrepresentation or error.However to guarantee less changes of mistake in the Bank compromise one should execute the accompanying strategy to lessen the opportunity of Error. This are depicted as follows:There must be isola tion of obligations between the bank compromise between the two divisions for example between accounts office and installment division. On the off chance that equivalent individual are occupied with same movement, at that point there is more odds of misrepresentation. Bank compromise must be finished by the individual other than representative who are responsible for exchange, for example, receipt, billings and record payable. The compromise assistant who is occupied with bank compromise must guarantee that he has gathered all the dropped check and it has been appropriately managed in accounts.1) Even a modest quantity of un accommodated things make an uncertainty in the brain of the examiner in regards to the precision of records and presence of extortion in the organization. In the given circumstance Item of $340 remain un accommodated which are treated by the as unimportant. The customer must guarantee that from now onwards all the bookkeeping passage ought to be wear on everyday schedule and all the vouchers ought to be marked by the Manager for legitimate control.2) To diminish the odds of off base chronicle of record receivable, customer ought to guarantees that the whole credit voucher must be marked alongside the supporting and afterward section will be done in bookkeeping system.3) The Company may embrace the strategy not to store the partner organization cash in own record so as to lessen complexity.4) The exclusion of specific things from Bank compromise is not kidding issues. This even makes question about the rightness of bank compromise. So as to decrease such kind of circumstance, the customer may expand the recurrence of compromise so as to guarantee right compromise process.5) Recording of bank move as store is additionally a difficult issue, this shows bookkeeping representative is totally untrustworthy and he should be cautioned that on the off chance that a similar proceed, at that point he might be terminated from the organization. (Group n.d.)b) Audit methodology to recognize and forestall every one of the above case is as per the following; 1) Auditor should contrast the bank scratch-off date and bank compromise. 2) Bank Confirmation ought to be taken from each manage an account with whom the customer transit.3) Balance of customer bank compromise should be affirmed with the equalization of bank confirmation.4) Minutes of the Board meeting and credit understanding ought to be looked into so as to guarantee that all the enthusiasm bearing store has been appropriately managed in the accounts.3. a) Key Assertion Addressed by the Test Procedure is as follows:The affirmation of the administration in the given case is to demonstrate that whether the markdown bills are being passed with appropriate approval of the chiefs and whether the sections recorded are liberated from defaults. The costs charges by the s