Syria Geography, Facts, and History

Syria Geography, Facts, and History Capital and Major Cities Capital: Damascus, populace 1.7 million Significant Cities: Aleppo, 4.6 million Homs, 1.7 million Hama, 1.5 million Idleb, 1.4 million al-Hasakeh, 1.4 million Dayr al-Zur, 1.1 million Latakia, 1 million Dara, 1 million Legislature of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is ostensibly a republic, however in fact, it is administered by a tyrant system headed by President Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Socialist Baath Party. In the 2007 decisions, Assad got 97.6% of the vote. From 1963 to 2011, Syria was under a State of Emergency that permitted the president uncommon forces; in spite of the fact that the State of Emergency has formally been lifted today, respectful freedoms remain shortened. Alongside the president, Syria has two VPs - one accountable for household strategy and the other for international strategy. The 250-seat assembly or Majlis al-Shaab is chosen by mainstream vote in favor of four-year terms. The president fills in as the leader of the Supreme Judicial Council in Syria. He additionally names the individuals from the Supreme Constitutional Court, which supervises races and rules on the defendability of laws. There are mainstream claims courts and courts of the principal occurrence, just as Personal Status Courts that utilization sharia law to govern on marriage and separation cases. Dialects The official language of Syria is Arabic, a Semitic language. Significant minority dialects incorporate Kurdish, which is from the Indo-Iranian part of Indo-European; Armenian, which is Indo-European on the Greek branch; Aramaic, another Semitic language; and Circassian, a Caucasian language. Notwithstanding these first languages, numerous Syrians can communicate in French. France was the League of Nations required force in Syria after World War I. English is likewise developing in notoriety as a language of global talk in Syria. Populace The number of inhabitants in Syria is around 22.5 million (2012 gauge). Of those, about 90% are Arab, 9% are Kurds, and the remaining 1% is comprised of little quantities of Armenians, Circassians, and Turkmens. What's more, there are around 18,000 Israeli pioneers possessing the Golan Heights. Syrias populace is developing rapidly, with yearly development of 2.4%. The normal future for men is 69.8 years, and for ladies 72.7 years. Religion in Syria Syria has an unpredictable exhibit of religions spoke to among its residents. Roughly 74% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims. Another 12% (counting the al-Assad family) are Alawis or Alawites, an off-shoot of the Twelver school inside Shiism. Roughly 10% are Christians, for the most part of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, yet additionally including Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, and Assyrian Church of the East individuals. Roughly three percent of Syrians are Druze; this interesting confidence consolidates Shia convictions of the Ismaili school with Greek way of thinking and Gnosticism. Little quantities of Syrians are Jewish or Yazidist. Yazidism is a syncretic conviction framework for the most part among ethnic Kurds that joins Zoroastrianism and Islamic Sufism. Geology Syria is arranged on the eastern finish of the Mediterranean Sea. It has an all out zone of 185,180 square kilometers (71,500 square miles), partitioned into fourteen authoritative units. Syria shares land fringes with Turkey toward the north and west, Iraq toward the east, Jordan and Israel toward the south, and Lebanon toward the southwest. Albeit a lot of Syria is desert, 28% of its property is arable, thanks in enormous part to water system water from the Euphrates River. The most noteworthy point in Syria is Mount Hermon, at 2,814 meters (9,232 feet). The absolute bottom is close to the Sea of Galilee, at - 200 meters from the ocean (- 656 feet). Atmosphere Syrias atmosphere is very differed, with a generally damp coast and a desert inside isolated by a semiarid zone in the middle. While the coast midpoints just about 27Â °C (81Â °F) in August, temperatures in the desert normally outperform 45Â °C (113Â °F). Additionally, precipitation along the Mediterranean midpoints 750 to 1,000 mm for every year (30 to 40 inches), while the desert sees only 250 millimeters (10 inches). Economy In spite of the fact that it has ascended into the center positions of countries as far as the economy over ongoing decades, Syria faces financial vulnerability because of political turmoil and universal assents. It relies upon horticulture and oil sends out, the two of which are declining. Defilement is additionally an issue.on horticulture and oil sends out, the two of which are declining. Debasement is likewise an issue. Roughly 17% of the Syrian workforce is in the horticulture part, while 16% are in industry and 67% in administrations. The joblessness rate is 8.1%, and 11.9% of the populace live underneath the neediness line. Syrias per capita GDP in 2011 was about $5,100 US. As of June 2012, 1 US dollar 63.75 Syrian pounds. History of Syria Syria was one of the early focuses of Neolithic human culture 12,000 years prior. Significant advances in agribusiness, for example, the improvement of household grain assortments and the restraining of animals, likely occurred in the Levant, which incorporates Syria. By around 3000 BCE, the Syrian city-province of Ebla was the capital of a significant Semitic domain that had exchange relations with Sumer, Akkad and even Egypt. The attacks of the Sea Peoples interfered with this human advancement during the second thousand years BCE, be that as it may. Syria went under Persian control during the Achaemenid time frame (550-336 BCE)Â and then tumbled to the Macedonians under Alexander the Great after Persias rout in the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE). Throughout the following three centuries, Syria would be governed by the Seleucids, the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Armenians. At long last, in 64 BCE it turned into a Roman provinceâ and remained so until 636 CE. Syria rose to unmistakable quality after the establishing of the Muslim Umayyad Empire in 636 CE, which named Damascus as its capital. At the point when the Abbasid Empire uprooted the Umayyads in 750, be that as it may, the new rulers moved the capital of the Islamic world to Baghdad. The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) looked to recapture authority over Syria, more than once assaulting, catching and afterward losing significant Syrian urban communities somewhere in the range of 960 and 1020 CE. Byzantine desires blurred when the Seljuk Turks attacked Byzantium in the late eleventh century, likewise vanquishing pieces of Syria itself. Simultaneously, notwithstanding, Christian Crusaders from Europe started setting up the little Crusader States along the Syrian coast. They were restricted by hostile to Crusader warriors including, among others, the well known Saladin, who was the ruler of Syria and Egypt. Both the Muslims and the Crusaders in Syria confronted an existential danger in the thirteenth century, as the quickly extending Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate Mongols attacked Syriaâ and met furious opposition from rivals including the Egyptian Mamluk armed force, which crushed the Mongols sufficiently at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in 1260. The enemies battled on until 1322, however in the in the interim, the pioneers of the Mongol armed force in the Middle East changed over to Islam and became absorbed into the way of life of the region. The Ilkhanate grew dim of presence in the mid fourteenth century, and the Mamluk Sultanate set its grasp on the region. In 1516, another force assumed responsibility for Syria. The Ottoman Empire, situated in Turkey, would administer Syria and the remainder of the Levant until 1918. Syria turned into a moderately little-respected backwater in the tremendous Ottoman regions. The Ottoman king tragically aligned himself with the Germans and Austro-Hungarians in World War I; when they lost the war, the Ottoman Empire, otherwise called the Sick Man of Europe, self-destructed. Under management by the new League of Nations, Britain and France isolated the previous Ottoman grounds in the Middle East between themselves. Syria and Lebanon became French commands. An enemy of provincial revolt in 1925 by a brought together Syrian masses scared the French so much that they depended on severe strategies to put down the disobedience. In a review of French arrangements a couple of decades later in Vietnam, the French armed force drove tanks through the urban communities of Syria, thumping down houses, immediately executing presumed revolts, and in any event, besieging regular people from the air. During World War II, the Free French government announced Syria autonomous from Vichy France, while maintaining all authority to veto any bill passed by the new Syrian lawmaking body. The last French soldiers left Syria in April of 1946, and the nation increased a proportion of genuine autonomy. All through the 1950s and mid 1960s, Syrian legislative issues were ridiculous and turbulent. In 1963, an upset put the Baath Party into power; it stays in charge right up 'til the present time. Hafez al-Assad took over both the gathering and the nation in a 1970 coupâ and the administration went to his child Bashar al-Assad following Hafez al-Assads demise in 2000. The more youthful Assad was viewed as an expected reformer and modernizer, however his system has demonstrated degenerate and savage. Starting in the spring of 2011, a Syrian Uprising looked to topple Assad as a major aspect of the Arab Spring development.

Office of Auditor General

Questions: Question 1 You ,the reviewer, went to the stock tally (stocktake ) of your customer Smith Equipment and watched the accompanying during the check :1. Distribution center staff checked explicit zones of the stock as controlled by the stockroom administrator ;staff individuals ,counting the distribution center boss , were designated their own region to rely on their own.2. A few clear pieces of paper were given to every individual from staff doing the counting.3. Staff were told to record the stock depiction and number tallied .4. Staff were advised to compose the stock amounts in pencil on the sheets to guarantee blunders can be revised .5. Any staff that finished a segment early were designated to another territory to assist one of the other staff .6.The boss gathered all sheets toward the finish of the check to conclude the stock tally .Required :Identify the shortcomings in the stocktake techniques above and distinguish how they could be improved.Question 2You , the evaluator , hav e gone through 5 years as an examiner . In this opportunity you have gone over various blunders in performing bank compromises . Coming up next are a portion of these errors:1. An unreconciled thing of $340 was on the last bank compromise of the customer and was esteemed by the customer to be immaterial.2.Two stores totalling $4070 identifying with debt claims were gathered on 3July ( 30 June year end) however recorded as money receipts on 30 June.3.An sum from a partner organization of $40,000 was banked 2 days before the year's end in the customers financial balance and afterward took care of multi week after the year's end .4.A check for $6,000 was discarded from the remarkable check list on the bank compromise at 30 June . It cleared the bank on the 14 August .5.A bank move of $20,000 was incorporated as a store in travel at 30 June in the bookkeeping records.Required :(a) What control ought to be executed to decrease the probability of each of the above?(b) What is a review str ategy to distinguish or forestall each of the abovementioned? Question 3The after is a concentrate from a working paper containing the aftereffects of the trial of controls in the records payable territory: Test Result End Chosen various provider solicitations and watched that the estimating and limits have been evaluated and approved by the buying director . Six out of 50 solicitations tried had not been approved Incorrect limits were recorded for these solicitations. A follow up of the four mistaken solicitations didn't feature an example or explicit explanation behind the blunders. Acknowledged as the blunders in the limits asserted were irrelevant . Required:(a) Identify the key declaration tended to by the test technique .(b) Provide a clarification with respect to why the end came to is proper or inappropriate.(c) Outline the key control methodology that you accept should be performed. Answers: 1. While review of the asset report of the organization there are not many things those should be looked and examined with better applied scientific and meaningful techniques of the equivalent. The duty of Inventory control lies with the chief of the stockroom of the area. The Manager must guarantee that the staff individuals who are engaged with stocktaking must mindful of the built up technique which should be followed in stock taking. He is answerable for legitimate co-appointment between the staff part and furthermore have the obligation to finish the stock review. Be that as it may, it is obligation of the examiner to visit the stocktaking site to decide the adequacy of the stock taking. The moderate moving stock in an organization. There are many money dealings which get hindered because of deferral in stock being changed over go into cash.The principle intension and target of Stocktaking is as follows:a) To confirm the exactness of stockb) The Stock valuation as expressed in t he fiscal report must be bolstered by the physical confirmation of stock.c) To check the shortcoming in the control and care of stock.d) To reveal the chance of Stock, burglary or misfortune. (Smith 2013)In the given case examiner has gone to the stock taking of Smith Equipment and certain errors has been found by them which is portrayed as follows: SI.No. Shortcoming Improvement Recommendation 1. Just explicit territories were tallied which was not right as chief may have some close to home enthusiasm for the equivalent. Notwithstanding, it is obligation of the Warehouse director to check all the zone has been secured and no territory has been left and physical confirmation of each thing has been done appropriately 2. Issuance of clear sheet to every individual from staff doing the tally Rather than Issuing clear sheet to the stocktaking staff stock take scanner ought to be distributed to stock taker which will be utilized by them in stock bringing with the stock taking guidance. This brings better inward control and odds of mistake and loosing clear sheet is additionally low. 3 Utilization of pencils permitted The corre3ction degree ought to ot be given to the stock takers as this would guarantee issues in test checking. 4. Staff Were Instructed to Write down the stock portrayal and number tallied Rather than giving this kind of Instructor stock scanner as expressed above ought to be given to each staff so that there is less odds of blunder and it will bring more exactness. In any case, there is sure more proposal which helps smith Equipment in better stock endeavor. This is as follows:1) Before beginning Stock date all the conceivable territory and the item should be identified.2) Meeting must be held with the staff part who will help in stock taking to guarantee that they should know precisely what they need to do and how to do.3) Any Question or disarray of the Staff part should be settled and any recommendation which helps in better stock taking must be implemented.4) Whenever any inconsistencies saw a similar item should be relate for reconfirming the said discrepancies.5) All the staff part occupied with the stock take must be appropriately guided by the stores supervisor during stock taking.6) Stock Scanner must be given to each staff part to better and increasingly exact stock taking.7) Any out of date , harmed or terminated item which has been seen during the physical confirmation must be reported.8) Stores Manager must guarantee that the out o f date material must be expelled from the store and legitimate account has been done.9) Physical check report ought to be made and it should be submitted to the outer auditor.10) Before presenting the report to the External Auditor report must be talked about inside with the administration so that there will be less changes of blunder. (Jacob october, 2012)2. Command over the bank compromise guarantees that all the money exchange has been appropriately recorded in the books of records for a given timeframe. Bank compromise likewise guarantees the exactness of the Financial Statement. With the assistance of bank compromise any oversight of exchange in the books of records can b handily distinguished regardless of the explanation that where exclusion is because of misrepresentation or error.However to guarantee less changes of mistake in the Bank compromise one should execute the accompanying strategy to lessen the opportunity of Error. This are depicted as follows:There must be isola tion of obligations between the bank compromise between the two divisions for example between accounts office and installment division. On the off chance that equivalent individual are occupied with same movement, at that point there is more odds of misrepresentation. Bank compromise must be finished by the individual other than representative who are responsible for exchange, for example, receipt, billings and record payable. The compromise assistant who is occupied with bank compromise must guarantee that he has gathered all the dropped check and it has been appropriately managed in accounts.1) Even a modest quantity of un accommodated things make an uncertainty in the brain of the examiner in regards to the precision of records and presence of extortion in the organization. In the given circumstance Item of $340 remain un accommodated which are treated by the as unimportant. The customer must guarantee that from now onwards all the bookkeeping passage ought to be wear on everyday schedule and all the vouchers ought to be marked by the Manager for legitimate control.2) To diminish the odds of off base chronicle of record receivable, customer ought to guarantees that the whole credit voucher must be marked alongside the supporting and afterward section will be done in bookkeeping system.3) The Company may embrace the strategy not to store the partner organization cash in own record so as to lessen complexity.4) The exclusion of specific things from Bank compromise is not kidding issues. This even makes question about the rightness of bank compromise. So as to decrease such kind of circumstance, the customer may expand the recurrence of compromise so as to guarantee right compromise process.5) Recording of bank move as store is additionally a difficult issue, this shows bookkeeping representative is totally untrustworthy and he should be cautioned that on the off chance that a similar proceed, at that point he might be terminated from the organization. (Group n.d.)b) Audit methodology to recognize and forestall every one of the above case is as per the following; 1) Auditor should contrast the bank scratch-off date and bank compromise. 2) Bank Confirmation ought to be taken from each manage an account with whom the customer transit.3) Balance of customer bank compromise should be affirmed with the equalization of bank confirmation.4) Minutes of the Board meeting and credit understanding ought to be looked into so as to guarantee that all the enthusiasm bearing store has been appropriately managed in the accounts.3. a) Key Assertion Addressed by the Test Procedure is as follows:The affirmation of the administration in the given case is to demonstrate that whether the markdown bills are being passed with appropriate approval of the chiefs and whether the sections recorded are liberated from defaults. The costs charges by the s

The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia

The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print The Dangers of Weight Loss Drugs Belviq and Qsymia Proceed with caution especially if you have bipolar disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diet Pill Cautions How Belviq Works Cautions When Taking Belviq Side Effects of Belviq How Qsymia Works Cautions When Taking Qsymia Other Warnings About Qsymia Side Effects of Qsymia View All Back To Top In June and July of 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new weight loss drugs, Belviq (lorcaserin)  and Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate).?? For people who have gained weight on psychiatric drugs, these drugs may seem appealing, but in reality, there are some important cautions. Cautions With Belviq and Qysmia Each of these two anti-obesity drugs can have negative effects on people with mood and sleep disorders, and there are some potentially problematic interactions with psychiatric drugs. If you are taking psychiatric medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Wellbutrin (bupropion), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), lithium or antipsychotics,  its extremely important that you work closely and collaboratively with the physicians who prescribe both your psychiatric and weight loss medications. How Belviq Works This medication acts on serotonin, a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in depression.?? Because many psychiatric meds also work on the serotonin system, its not surprising that theres a potential for serious side effects when these medicines are combined. Cautions When Taking Belviq Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic  malignant syndrome, both potentially life-threatening conditions, are possible with drugs that affect serotonin, so adding Belviq to existing medications might make developing either of these conditions more likely. The risk and safety of Belviq when used with other drugs that affect serotonin hasnt been evaluated yet, but the label contains a warning to use extreme caution when administering Belviq with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, Wellbutrin, MAOIs, antipsychotics, lithium and St. Johns wort.?? Side Effects of Belviq Potential side effects of Belviq include:?? DizzinessTirednessHeadacheDry mouthConstipationNausea How Qsymia Works Qsymia is a combination of two drugs, phentermine, and Topamax (topiramate). Topamax is an anti-epilepsy drug sometimes used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. Phentermine has been used since 1959 in the U.S. for short-term obesity treatment and Topamax has been FDA approved for seizure disorders and migraine prevention.?? Because patients who were taking Topamax for those conditions were losing weight, research was conducted on how effective it was in treating obesity. The combination of the two drugs evidently work better together than alone, and thats how Qsymia was born. Cautions When Taking Qsymia For the last few years, the FDA has required all anticonvulsant medications to carry a warning about a potential increase in suicidal ideation.?? Since Qsymia contains topiramate, which is an anticonvulsant, the official prescribing information for the drug contains a warning that Qsymia may cause mood disorders. Qsymia is especially risky for people who have a history of depression because it can cause the depression to come back or other mood disorders to develop. It also says that if symptoms dont go away or are troublesome, Qsymia should be decreased or stopped. If you have suicidal ideation or behavior, Qsymia needs to be stopped immediately. It also should not be taken if you have a history of suicidal ideation or attempts.?? Other Warnings About Qysmia Other additional issues can include:?? Problems when Qsymia is taken along with benzodiazepines, a type of anti-anxiety and sedative medication, or other sleep medications.Qsymia should not be taken during or within 14 days of stopping any MAOI antidepressant.Care is needed when taking this drug with an anticonvulsant mood stabilizer, especially carbamazepine  and valproate. Side Effects of Qsymia Potential side effects of Qsymia include??: DizzinessDry mouthTrouble sleepingTaste and smell changesTingling The Bottom Line Its not impossible for people who have bipolar disorder or major depression to be treated with either of these drugs, but extremely careful monitoring is necessary. Life-threatening side effects are possible. In some cases, regular blood tests are recommended. Work with your doctors closely if either Belviq or Qsymia is prescribed for you. Tell them about any changes in mood, sleep, anxiety, stress, or physical health. Losing weight is not worth the significant health problems that could occur when taking these drugs.

Being A Non Traditional Student - 1946 Words

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This data is necessary to perform the function of the profession, but it is the expectation and trust that it will not be disclosed without individual consent. While each profession has data access concerns, with major ethical implications, the majority of this data can be guarded and monitored by technological means and enforced with legal policy. As an information technologist, it is often within your purview to employ these protections, and also to monitor that these safeguards are effective, and not being violated. There are two avenues that I believe can be approached when it comes to ethics in IT: unauthorizedShow MoreRelatedBeing A Non Traditional Student1945 Words   |  8 PagesBeing a non-traditional student I have the opportunity to attend school while also pursuing a career in Information Technology (IT). Within the field of IT there are m any avenues to explore ethics depending on the type of business that is being supported, or what the technical speciality may be. 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The Operations Management Procedures That Will Take Place...

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These services will be provided based upon the requests and desires of demanding customers. In order for my business to be successful, all employees and myself must have close connections with customers in order for clients to continue to return to my business for more continuous services. Having a close relationship with customers will allow employees to understand and more accurately serve their needs and demands (Longenecker Petty, et al., 2013, p. 566). Effective operations management necessitates â€Å"making hiring decisions by selecting employees withShow MoreRelatedRetail Management30153 Words   |  121 PagesIntroduction to Retail Retail comes from the French word retailler, which refers to cutting off my hands, clip and divide in terms of tailoring (1365). It first was recorded as a noun with the meaning of a sale in small quantities in 1433 (French). 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Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values Free Essays

Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations. Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it may seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born. With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman Mosak 1977). On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson Sperry 2006). Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling. Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives. When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’. When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the child ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values ar e not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family. There are multiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation. To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner’s Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121. How to cite Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values, Essay examples Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values Free Essays Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations. Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it may seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born. With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman Mosak 1977). On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson Sperry 2006). Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling. Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives. When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’. When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the child ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values ar e not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family. There are multiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation. To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner’s Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121. How to cite Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values, Essays

Research Paper-Family Life 1930s Essay Example

Research Paper-Family Life 1930s Paper Family Life in the 1930’s As the roaring twenties captivated the lives of American families with its great profits, big business, and optimism, the thirties altered the nation’s economic dreams, values, fashion, and everyday life. After ending an abundant decade in the twenties, the 1930’s brought forth pain, poverty, and hardships. Because of the stock market crash in the late 1920’s, it strongly affected families in the 1930’s in many ways. Everyday life was profoundly affected by the hard times. Marriages were delayed; birth rates dropped, contraceptive sales soared, and divorce rates were down (Reeves 115). Families at this time knew that money was not readily available, so getting married or having more children was not something the average family was looking forward to. Not to mention that getting a divorce would result to being stigmatized as single, and not being able to live on their own without the support or income of their spouse. Parents rarely went anywhere without their children; if they did, the older children took care of the younger ones. Each child had specific chores and responsibilities such as helping with washing, ironing, cooking, cleaning, or dressing and bathing the younger children (Press 27). By 1933 things had gotten so bad that thousands of desperate unemployed men and women in American cities were reduced to selling apples on street corners (Press 11). The income from selling apples definitely could not have been enough to pay bills and support families, therefore many people began losing their homes. The hard times of the Great Depression began to be too much for some to deal with so suicides became so routine that they often went unreported (Congdon 8). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper-Family Life 1930s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper-Family Life 1930s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper-Family Life 1930s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most families in the 1930’s were experiencing the worst economic depression of their history, but luckily there were things to do that helped them cope with the hard times they were facing. Family Life during the Great Depression of the 1930’s was not at all austerity and gloom. A remarkable number of inexpensive diversions besides radio provided Americans with a temporary escape from personal problems (Press 87). Going to the movies, listening to the radio, and playing games as a family was some of the inexpensive things families did to keep their minds off the struggle they ere facing economically. Movies were a common source of escape for people plagued by the Depression. Some 85 million Americans went to the nation’s 17,000 movie theaters each week. Admission prices were as low as a nickel (Reeves 116). Families listened to baseball games and wrestling matches on the radio, and played games in the evening together (Press27). American families probably spent m ore time together at this period of time due to the fact that a very large amount of people were broke and couldn’t afford to spend the extra money. At this point in time women opted for a more feminine and practical image than in the days of the flapper. Skirt length fell well below the knee, busts and waists reappeared, and hair styles became softer and more graceful (Reeves 118). Women often smoked cigarettes, drank, and gambled with men in public. Women, for the first time, wore slacks, revealed bathing suits, and participated in sports such as softball, roller skating, and bicycling (Reeves 115-116). These trends showed that women were ready for a change, not only in fashion, but in everyday life in the 1930’s. In the first one hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency one out of every three wage and salary earners- 12. 5 million men and women- were out of a job. Many American children had not had milk in months; in New York it was estimated that at least a fifth of the children in public schools were suffering from serious malnutrition (Simon 14). Although Roosevelt’s presidency was off to a bad start, it did not stop him from quickly trying to develop programs to help the people in America financially. F. D. R’s decisive legislation would be a New Deal for America’s forgotten working men and women. It was sparked by the three R’s: Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Government relief agencies were set up to make sure the unemployed could feed their children and save their homes from fore closure. Recovery programs created government works projects to provide people with jobs, and reform legislatives reorganized banks, the stock market, and guaranteed workers right to unionize (Press 6). Roosevelt’s ideas to put an end to the Great Depression of the 1930’s strongly made a positive impact on millions of families at this time. Furthermore, the real story of family life in the 1930’s is how individual families endured and survived, whether battling the despair of hunger and unemployment, or the fear of unending drought and forced migration (Press 6). It is the story of people fighting for the right to earn a decent wage in safe working conditions.

Hangover Remedies and Prevention

Hangover Remedies and Prevention A hangover is a name given to the unpleasant aftereffects of drinking too much alcohol. While a lucky 25%-30% of drinkers are naturally resistant to experiencing hangovers, the rest of you might want to know how to prevent or cure a hangover. Heres a look at what causes a hangover and some effective hangover remedies. Hangover Symptoms If you have had a hangover, you knew it  and didnt need to read a symptom list to get a diagnosis. Alcohol hangovers are characterized by some or all of the following symptoms: dehydration, nausea, headache, fatigue, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, sensitivity to light and sound, trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and poor depth perception. Many people experience an extreme aversion to the smell, taste, sight, or the thought of alcohol. Hangovers vary, so the range and intensity of symptoms may be different between individuals and from one occasion to another. Most hangovers begin several hours after drinking. A hangover may last as long as a couple of days. Hangover Causes According To Chemistry Drinking an alcoholic beverage that contains impurities or preservatives can give you a hangover, even if you only have one drink. Some of these impurities may be other alcohols besides ethanol. Other hangover-causing chemicals are congeners, which are by-products of the fermentation process. Sometimes impurities are intentionally added, such as zinc or other metals which may be added to sweeten or enhance the flavor of certain liqueurs. Otherwise, it matters what you drink and how much you drink. Drinking to excess is more likely to cause a hangover than drinking moderately. You get a hangover because the ethanol in the drink caused an increase in urine production, leading to dehydration. Dehydration causes headaches, fatigue, and dry mouth. Alcohol also reacts with the stomach lining, which can lead to nausea. Ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde, which is actually a lot more toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic than the alcohol itself. It takes some  time to break down the ace taldehyde into acetic acid, during which youll experience all the symptoms of acetaldehyde exposure. Prevent a Hangover The only sure way to prevent a hangover is to avoid drinking. While you may not be able to totally prevent a hangover, drinking a lot of water or other rehydrating drink will go a long way toward preventing or lessening most hangover symptoms. Hangover Remedies If drinking water didnt help you out enough or its too later and youre already suffering, there are some potentially beneficial remedies. Drink Water: Youll feel miserable until you are rehydrated. Water is an excellent hangover remedy. So is orange juice, unless your stomach is too upset to handle it.Eat Something Simple: Eggs contain cysteine, which may help combat hangover symptoms. Milk is more food than water, but it serves to rehydrate you while supplying calcium, which may ease your misery.Sodium Bicarbonate: Try a spoonful of baking soda in water to help quell the hangover queasiness.Exercise: It raises your metabolic rate, which helps you clear toxins associated with metabolizing alcohol. Exercise helps you deliver oxygen to your cells, which can increase the speed at which you detoxify harmful compounds.Oxygen: Supplemental oxygen is another way to speed up detoxification after drinking alcohol, without having to exercise.Vitamin B1 or Thiamine: Thiamine helps prevent the buildup of glutarate in the brain, which may be associated with part of a headache associated with a hangover. Other B vitamins are deplete d when you drink, so taking a B vitamin complex may be beneficial. Hangover Dont While it may be alright to take a couple of aspirin to deal with a hangover, dont take a couple of acetaminophen (Tylenol) tablets. Alcohol with acetaminophen is a recipe for potentially lethal liver damage.

Mudarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Mudarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The reflexive verb mudarse means to move in the sense of changing ones residence, such as moving to a new house or apartment. For all other meanings of the verb to move, Spanish uses the verb mover. The non-reflexive verb mudar means to change, but it is not used very frequently. Mudarse is a much more commonly used verb. Therefore, this article contains mudarse conjugations in its reflexive form in the indicative mood (present, past, conditional, and future), the subjunctive mood (present and past), the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Mudarse Present Indicative The verb mudar is a regular -ar verb, so it follows the regular conjugation pattern. To conjugate mudarse, the reflexive pronoun should be included before each conjugated form. Yo me mudo I move Yo me mudo al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudas You move Tà º te mudas a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se muda You/he/she moves Ella se muda a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudamos We move Nosotros nos mudamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudis You move Vosotros os mudis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudan You/they move Ellos se mudan a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Yo me mudà © I moved Yo me mudà © al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudaste You moved Tà º te mudaste a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudà ³ You/he/she moved Ella se mudà ³ a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudamos We moved Nosotros nos mudamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudasteis You moved Vosotros os mudasteis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudaron You/they moved Ellos se mudaron a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is used to describe ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It can be translated as was moving or used to move. Yo me mudaba I used to move Yo me mudaba al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudabas You used to move Tà º te mudabas a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudaba You/he/she used to move Ella se mudaba a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudbamos We used to move Nosotros nos mudbamos a un condominio. Vosotros os mudabais You used to move Vosotros os mudabaisa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudaban You/they used to move Ellos se mudaban a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Future Indicative The future tense is conjugated with the infinitive form mudar and the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo me mudarà © I will move Yo me mudarà ©al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te mudars You will move Tà º te mudars a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudar You/he/she will move Ella se mudar a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos mudaremos We will move Nosotros nos mudaremosa un condominio. Vosotros os mudarà ©is You will move Vosotros os mudarà ©isa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudarn You/they will move Ellos se mudarn a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Periphrastic  Future Indicative   When conjugating the periphrastic future, remember to place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb ir (to go). Yo me voy a mudar I am going to move Yo me voya mudar al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Tà º te vasa mudar You aregoing to move Tà º te vasa mudar a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Usted/à ©l/ella se vaa mudar You/he/she isgoing to move Ella se vaa mudar a un apartamento ms grande. Nosotros nos vamosa mudar We aregoing to move Nosotros nos vamosa mudar a un condominio. Vosotros os vaisa mudar You aregoing to move Vosotros os vaisa mudar a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se vana mudar You/they aregoing to move Ellos se vana mudar a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses like the present progressive. Progressive tenses often use the auxiliary verb estar. There are two options for placing the reflexive pronoun in the present progressive tense. It can be placed before the conjugated verb estar, or attached to the end of the present participle. Present Progressive ofMudarse se est mudando / est mudndose Is moving Ella se est mudando a un apartamento ms grande. Mudarse Past Participle The past participle is often used in perfect tenses like the present perfect. The present perfect uses the auxiliary verb haber. In this case, the reflexive pronoun must be placed before the conjugated verb haber. Present Perfect of Mudarse se ha mudado Has moved Ella se ha mudado a un apartamento ms grande. Mudarse Conditional Indicative The conditional tense can used to talk about possibilities. It is conjugated using the infinitive form and the conditional endings. Yo me mudarà ­a I would move Yo me mudarà ­aal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era si hubiera espacio. Tà º te mudarà ­as You would move Tà º te mudarà ­as a otra ciudad por tu trabajo si te dieran la promocià ³n. Usted/à ©l/ella se mudarà ­a You/he/she would move Ella se mudarà ­a a un apartamento ms grande si lo pudiera pagar. Nosotros nos mudarà ­amos We would move Nosotros nos mudarà ­amosa un condominio, pero no tenemos suficiente dinero. Vosotros os mudarà ­ais You would move Vosotros os mudarà ­aisa la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda, pero no estar lista. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se mudarà ­an You/they would move Ellos se mudarà ­an a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad si les dieran la beca. Mudarse Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive of -ar verbs is formed with the endings e, es, e, emos, à ©is, en. Que yo me mude That I move La directora pide que yo memudeal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudes That you move El jefe espera que tà º temudes a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semude That you/he/she move La familia quiere que ella semude a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudemos That we move Carlos quiere que nosotros nos mudemos a un condominio. Que vosotros os mudà ©is That you move El abuelo recomienda que vosotros os mudà ©is a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semuden That you/they move La profesora sugiere que ellos semuden a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways. Option 1 Que yo me mudara That I moved La directora pedà ­a que yo memudaraal dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudaras That you moved El jefe esperaba que tà º temudaras a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semudara That you/he/she moved La familia querà ­a que ella semudara a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudramos That we moved Carlos querà ­a que nosotros nos mudramosa un condominio. Que vosotros os mudarais That you moved El abuelo recomendaba que vosotros os mudarais a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semudaran That you/they moved La profesora sugerà ­a que ellos semudaran a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Option 2 Que yo me mudase That I moved La directora pedà ­a que yo memudase al dormitorio con mi compaà ±era. Que tà º te mudases That you moved El jefe esperaba que tà º temudases a otra ciudad por tu trabajo. Que usted/à ©l/ella semudase That you/he/she moved La familia querà ­a que ella semudase a un apartamento ms grande. Que nosotros nos mudsemos That we moved Carlos querà ­a que nosotros nos mudsemosa un condominio. Que vosotros os mudaseis That you moved El abuelo recomendaba que vosotros os mudaseis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas semudasen That you/they moved La profesora sugerà ­a que ellos semudasen a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad. Mudarse Imperative To give orders or commands you need the imperative mood. Notice that in positive commands, the reflexive pronoun is placed after the verb, while in negative commands, the reflexive pronoun is placed before the verb. Positive Commands Tà º mà ºdate Move!  ¡Mà ºdate a otra ciudad por tu trabajo! Usted mà ºdese Move!  ¡Mà ºdese a un apartamento ms grande! Nosotros mudà ©monos Let's move!  ¡Mudà ©monos a un condominio! Vosotros mudaos Move!  ¡Mudaos a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda! Ustedes mà ºdense Move!  ¡Mà ºdense a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad! Negative Commands Tà º no te mudes Don't move!  ¡No te mudes a otra ciudad por tu trabajo! Usted no se mude Don't move!  ¡No se mude a un apartamento ms grande! Nosotros no nos mudemos Let's not move!  ¡No nos mudemos a un condominio! Vosotros no os mudis Don't move!  ¡No os mudis a la casa nueva despuà ©s de la boda! Ustedes no se muden Don't move!  ¡No se muden a otro paà ­s para asistir a la universidad!

Negligent Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negligent Tort - Assignment Example Tort is any legal or civil injury or harm that is caused or directed to a person, company or a party. We would therefore categorize this action under negligent tort. The following elements constitutes negligent tort. A person or a company must owe the customer or individual in question a product or service. The company or the person must violate a promise and obligation. In this case, Philips Company would be violating the consumer safety Act. The consumer must have suffered injury or loss in the process of using the product or the service. The injury or loss must be seen because of the negligence of the manufacture of the product or the service. The government to produce products, which are safe and durable, has licensed Philips Company. The government has licensed the company and therefore mandated the company with the duty of care. Duty of care is the relationship and circumstance under which the law recognizes as providing rise to any legal duty to take care of consumers. If Phil ips Company fails to take care of its consumers then it may lead to legal battle whether the defendant would be liable to pay damages for the loss or damages. The person that is injured is suffering the loss due to the breach of duty of care by the company. According to the US law, standard of care is the level of conduct expected from Philips Company in this regard to avoid liabilities for negligence. If the company or the person fails to meet the expected standards then there is a breach of duty. Philips Company has the mandate of producing standardized products. The reason for the hazards indicate that the products are substandard and do not meet the requirements of the law. This is a breach of duty since the company should provide better services with optimum quality to avoid cases injuries to the consumers. If any person had suffered any injury or harm while using the lamps, the person would be protected from the negligence of the consumer through the negligence liability. The law requires that consumers conform to the standard of care by providing information regarding any under standardized products. Breach of duty occurs when the defendant, which in this case is Philips Company, fails to meet the standards that is set or required by the law. The state expects that companies licensed to provide services to the consumers meet the expected standard. The consumers Act protect from malice and under standardization the consumers. The consumer Act protects all consumers from exploitation. Once it is established that Philips Company owes a consumer the duty of care, it is necessary for the consumers to demonstrate to the court that the company’s action was in breach of duty. Actual causation is the factor that leads to the occurrence of the event. If the factor were missing then the event would not occur. In other words, actual causation is also termed as factual cause. As the consumer, it is important to prove to the courts that if Philips Company woul d have made the wires in such a way that they will not arc, burn and cause fire leading to shattering and laceration, the injury or loss would not occur. The complainant must present his/her defense in the following manner, â€Å"but for the existence of A, would B have occurred†. Proximate causation or legal cause existence is when the complainant proves that the defendant’s negligence is a substantial factor that has led to the injury or loss

Oracle and Machiavellian Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oracle and Machiavellian Philosophy - Essay Example For instance, when a firm increases it prices by few cents, the consumers may want to fight back by making many complaints towards the company or deciding not to buy the goods. However, on the other hand, when a firm increases the prices at the higher range, the consumers will be surprised but still purchase the goods as they do not have any choice. The company is dedicated to creating quality products and services and as a result, the company has introduced unified process automation systems, services, and products. Its goals are to have products and services that will ensure that they give automated systems integrated with diverse business analytic functions for the consumers. Oracle has focused on â€Å"pampering† all its stakeholders. The key stakeholders that the company has placed them to the center of their operations are the customers. Oracle has implemented a Led-innovation strategy that ensures that the company all its services and products are aligned with the consu mers’ requirements contrasting the internal company goals. Before introducing any product or services, the company tends to research on the customer’s needs. For its standards, the company has implemented the ethical principle of honesty that is upholding the high standards for the Oracle Corporation. The principle provides honesty for the corporations and its employees as they deal with partners and stakeholders along with the company's customers. The company has embraced the ethical business ethics of honesty and with this code.

Development of Language and Brain Support

Development of Language and Brain Support Speech production is a highly skilled behavior that requires rapid and coordinated movements of the orofacial articulators. Speech and language are often confused, but there is a distinction between the two. Speech is the verbal expression of language and includes articulation, which is the way sounds and words are formed. On the contrary, language is much broader and refers to the entire system of expressing and receiving information in a way thats meaningful. It is understanding and being understood through communication in the form of verbal, non-verbal, and written. As a matter of fact, speech and language acquisition are intimately connected and have traditionally worked in parallel. In order to interpret the meaning of the spoken sounds, a coding mechanism is provided with set of rules for the listener and it is not straightforward. Speech production is a complicated process that undergoes several stages. The first stage is known as premotor process which means that the thought process is generally lumped together. The new ideas are converted into linguist structure that requires selections of suitable words and phrases. The brain functions by assembles the sounds that are needed to make each of the words. Next is the second stage which is called as the mechanical process. During this process, the brain sends signals to make those sounds. The development of language and brain support some relation to each other as language develops with the increase of the brain cell connections. Although the specific language learned is completely determined by the environment, we cannot deny that the capacity to acquire language is biologically determined as well. Thus it is reasonable to assume there are some language function exists in the brain which enables language acquired is parallel with the development of human brain as a child grows. Thus, the critical period for language learning is regarded to be the biologically determined period in which the brain keeps its plasticity for acquisition of any language. Under normal situations, a child is introduced to language essentially at the moment of birth. The first 3 years of life is the most intensive period for acquiring speech and language skills when the brain is developing and maturing. Brain development during childhood allows the brain to be shaped and the child is given an ability to grasp complex patterns, including those underlie speech. These skills develop best in a world that is rich with sounds, sights, and consistent exposure to the speech and language of others. As a child grows, they start to classify the speech sounds that form the words of their language. Plasticity for speech perception changes during childhood and adolescence, resulting in critical period for second-language acquisition. Once the natural critical period has passed without exposure to language, it will be more difficult to learn. The phenomenon of lateralization is extremely strong in humans. The brain of human beings consists of a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere, which different functions develop slowly in each parts of the brain as a child grows older. In the vast majority language areas are concentrated in the left hemisphere. The two major areas of human brain that are responsible for language are called Broca area and Wernicke area. Broca’s area is located in the left hemisphere and it is associated with speech production such as putting together sentences and using proper syntax. It is next to the area that controls facial muscle, jaw, tongue and throat function movement. If the area that controls movement is corrupted in any fashion, a person will experience difficulty in producing the actual sounds of speech. Our ability to articulate ideas, as well as use words accurately in spoken and written language, has been attributed to this crucial area. On the contrary, Wernickes area is the cri tical language area in the posterior superior temporal lobe that connects to Broca’s area via a neural pathway. Wernicke’s area is thought to be partially responsible for language processing or comprehension such as untangling and analyzing sentences, whether it is written or spoken. Other areas in brain that involved in language are those that surround the Sylvian fissure, a cleavage line that separates the portions of brain which are exclusively human. Many in the scientific community have posited that both speech and language are lateralize, which means, we use only one side of our brains for speech, which involves listening and speaking; and language, which involves constructing and understanding sentences. However, the conclusions pertaining to speech generally stem from studies that rely on indirect measurements of brain activity, raising questions about characterizing speech as lateralized. According to reseachers at New York University, speech is in fact bilate ralized. In simple words, the brain areas in both hemispheres are harnessed in making words. The specific areas are the bilateral inferior frontal and the inferior parietal, superior temporal, pre-motor and somatosensory cortices. Though both hemispheres of the brain are equal at birth, the function of language gradually settles in the dominant left hemisphere of the brain after biological maturation or the critical period which is proposed by Lenneberg (1967). Lenneberg concludes that the development of language is the result of brain maturation, which it holds that primary language acquisition must occur during critical period with the establishment of cerebral lateralization of function. A strong implication of this hypothesis is that the processes involved in any language acquisition which takes place after the age of puberty will be qualitatively different from those involved in first language acquisition. A commonly drawn, though not absolutely necessary, corollary of the CPH is that any language learning which occurs after the age of puberty will be slower and less successful than normal first language learning. There is a research obtained from people who suffered from brain damage also proved the evid ence for the lateralization of brains. A brain is said to lose its plasticity after the lateralization. Some case studies are reported on impaired brains before and after the critical periods. Adults who suffered brain damage in the left hemisphere fail to recover their language if they do not recover within five months, whereas children show an ability to recover fully if they were very young at the period of damage. It is said that even total removal of the left hemisphere did not remove children’s ability to reacquire a language. Consequently Lenneberg’s hypothesis is based on this period of lateralization, which language acquisition relied on the plasticity of both hemispheres and that hemispheric specialization was complete at puberty. If the language acquisition had not occurred by the time a child reached puberty, full mastery would never be attained. Knudsen (1999) distinguished a sensitive from a critical period, arguing that during a sensitive period, neuronal connections are particularly susceptible to environmental input, but later experience continues to influence neural development. In contrast, during a critical period, appropriate experience must occur to produce the neural connections necessary for normal function, and the resulting patterns are irreversible. During critical period, the neural system awaits specific informationto continue to develop normally(Knudsen, 1999). Thus, in both sensitive and critical periods, individuals are highly responsive to experience, but sensitive periods are ones in which later experience can also affect the individual, whereas during critical periods, experience is required for learning to occur and learning produces durable effects (Knudsen, 2004). Although phonetic learning can be affected by experience past childhood, phonetic learning exhibits the two principles cited by Knudsen fo r a critical period. According to Knudsen, a lack of exposure early in development to natural language, speech or sign results in the lack of normal language, and early experience with a particular language has indelible effects on speech perception. Phonetic perception might therefore be thought of as exhibiting a critical period in development. There are three stages of speech development. The first stage is known as social speech or external speech. Luria (1992) points out that â€Å"In no way is this speech related to intellect or thinking.† In this stage, speech is used to express simple thoughts and emotions such as laughter, crying and shouting. A child tends to uses speech to control the behaviour of others. For example: I want ball. The second stage is egocentric speech which is typically the type of speech found in a child of age three to seven. According to Lefrancois (1994), he states that this stage †serves as a bridge between the primitive and highly public social speech of the first stage and the more sophisticated and highly private inner speech of the third stage.† In this stage, the children often talk to themselves, regardless of someone listening to them. They are able to express and speak what they are doing as they do it, while voicing out loud in an attempt to guide their own behaviou r. The final stage of speech development is known as inner speech, used by older children and adults. It is an inner, soundless speech that includes communication rehearsal, rehashing conversations and imagined interactions with media personalities. This stage of speech allows us to direct our thinking and behaviour. Speech and language disorders Speech production is a complex process, involving a networked system of brain areas that each contribute in unique ways. Difficulty with speech can be the result of problems with the brain or nerves that control the facial muscles, larynx, and vocal cords necessary for speech. Likewise, muscular diseases and conditions that affect the jaws, teeth, and mouth can impair speech. Some conditions that affect speech are present at birth, such as inborn muscular conditions and congenital anatomical abnormalities; while others are the result of metabolic diseases, infections, tumors, or injury. Abnormalities of the vocal cords such as inflammation, polyps, cysts, and tumors can affect the pitch and quality of the voice. A number of different types of speech impediments can occur, and many terms have been used to qualify speech disorders. Aphasia is the loss of the ability to understand language, whether spoken or written, and occurs due to disturbances in the areas of the brain that are used in language processing. Benson (1967) has classified aphasia into two different types, which are Brocas aphasia and Wernickes aphasia (Jeanne, 1998). Brocas aphasia is also referred to as non-fluent or expressive aphasia. It is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language. If someone has Brocas aphasia, they can still understand spoken language and read language, but they have a hard time speaking and writing due to movement problems. Typically they will talk using short phrases that make sense but they have extreme difficulty in moving their mouths and getting the sounds to come out. They also often omit words in order to shorten what they have to say. People who suffer from non-fluent aphasia understand the speech but because the cant get the words they want to say out they often get irritated and frustrated. People who suffer from Brocas aphasia also have right-sided paralysis or weakness that extends to their extremities. In contrast, Wernickes aphasia is characterized by superficially fluent, grammatical speech but an inability to use or understand more than the most basic nouns and verbs. Corruption of Wernickes area causes an individual to make meaningless sounds. Basically they can make do speech sounds, but they do not make any sense. In other words, damage to the the side portion of the brain may cause fluent aphasia. In most cases this kind of damage occurs in the left side, although it the damage can be caused from the right side also. People that have this left side damage or temporal lobe damage often talk in long sentences that basically are meaningless, they often add unwarranted words, and can even make up words. Therefore it is often extremely difficult to understand what a person with this disturbance is trying to tell you. The people that are affected by this disorder are usually unaware that they have it and usually have no weakness in their movements because their problem is not near that area of the brain. There are many other types of aphasia or speech and language disturbances and each form results from damage to different areas of the brain. Therefore it is hard for many neuroscientists to actually explain in words or pinpoint what area that truly conducts speech. References Jeanne, K. G. (1998). The fluency dimension in aphasia. Retrieved March 11, 2014, from http://aphasiology.pitt.edu/archive/00001131/01/27-13.pdf Knudsen, E. I. (1999). Early experience and critical periods. In M. J. Zigmond (Ed.), Fundamental Neuroscience (pp. 637–654). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Knudsen, E. I. (2004). Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0898929042304796?journalCode=j ocn Lenneberg. E.H. (1967). Biological foundations of language. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from http://www.ling.fju.edu.tw/biolinguistic/data/course/biological_foundations.htm

CDA Competence Goals Essay

I. To establish and maintain a safe, healthy learning environment. 1. Safe: Candidate provides a safe environment to prevent and reduce injuries. 2. Healthy: Candidate promotes good health and nutrition and provides an environment that contributes to the prevention of illness. 3. Learning Environment: Candidate uses space, relationships, materials, and routines as resources for constructing an interesting, secure, and enjoyable environment that encourages and fosters trust, play, exploration, interaction, and learning. II. To advance physical and intellectual competence. 4.  Physical: Candidate provides a variety of developmentally appropriate equipment, learning experiences, and teaching strategies promote the physical development (fine motor and gross motor) of children. 5. Cognitive: Candidate provides activities and opportunities that encourage curiosity, exploration, and problem solving appropriate to the development levels of each child. 6. Communication: Candidate actively communicates with children and provides opportunities and support for children to understand, acquire, and use verbal and nonverbal means of communicating thoughts and feelings. 7. Creative: Candidate provides opportunities that stimulate children to play with sound, rhythm, language, materials, space and ideas in individual ways and to express their creative abilities. III. To support social and emotional development and to provide positive guidance. 8. Self: Candidate provides a warm, positive, supportive relationship with each child, and helps each child learn about and take pride in his or her individual and cultural identity. 9. Social: Candidate helps each child feel accepted in the group, helps children learn to communicate and get along with others, and encourages feelings of empathy and mutual respect among children and adults. 10. Guidance: Candidate provides a supportive environment and uses effective strategies to help all children learn and practice appropriate and acceptable behaviors as individuals and as a group, and effectively provides support for children with persistent challenging behaviors. IV. To establish positive and productive relationships with families. 11. Families: Candidate establishes a positive, cooperative relationship with each child’s family, engages in two-way communication with families, encourages their involvement in the program, and supports the child’s relationship with his or her family. V. To ensure a well-run, purposeful program responsive to participant needs. 12. Program Management: Candidate is a manager who uses all available resources to ensure an effective operation. The Candidate is a competent organizer, planner, record keeper, communicator, and a cooperative coworker. VI. To maintain a commitment to professionalism. 13. Professionalism: Candidate makes decisions based on knowledge of researched-based early childhood practices, promotes high-quality child care services, and takes advantage of opportunities to improve knowledge and competence, both for personal and professional growth and for the benefit of children and families.

Essay about Native American In Colonial America - 1167 Words

In the wake of Europe’s Age of Exploration, explorers roamed different parts of the ocean in search of a faster water route to Asia. Along the way, Europeans explorers discovered a whole new continent, America. Thinking that he was in India, Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, called the indigenous Native Americans he met â€Å"Indians,† a misnomer that is still used frequently even up to this day. Europeans soon shifted their attention away from the water route to Asia but toward the colonization of the New World. With a desire to have a new life different from that of the Old World, many Europeans landed on the shores of the new continent and settled in communities. However, almost all kinds of European colonization faced this†¦show more content†¦King Philip’s War, from 1675-1676, also known as Metacom’s Rebellion, not only marked the last major effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive out the English settlers but also marke d the bloodiest war in American History in terms of the ratio between causality and population. (Cowley and Parker 1996) Frustrated by their oppressors, â€Å"They [Native Americans] had become increasingly dependent on English goods, food, and weapons, and their bargaining power diminished as the fur trade dried up, tribal lands were sold, †¦leaders were forced by the colonists to recognize English sovereignty.† (1996) Native Americans’ unfavorable situation made one of their leaders, Matcom, to unite a large force of Indians with the purpose of driving the European settlers out of their land. Edward Randolph, in his report on the aftermath of King Philip’s War, wrote: â€Å"The losse to the English in the severall colonies †¦ is reckoned to amount to  £150,000 †¦ 1200 houses burned, 8000 head of cattle †¦ killed, and many thousand bushels of wheat, peas and other grain burned (of which the Massachusets colony hath not been damnifyed one third part, the great losse falling upon New Plymouth and Connecticot colonies) and upward of 3000 Indians men women and children destroyed, who if well managed would have been very serviceable to theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Native Americans In Colonial America1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthe early colonial period in America, new American settlers did not get along well with the Natives. The Native people gave the American people many problems when they came to settle in the New World. Most of these problems included the Natives capturing Americans and keeping them as hostages during the wars. 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The book mainly focuses on the facts and primary entries of Native Americans and pioneers, and their initial thoughts thoughts about each other. Albert Caves book, Lethal Encounters Englishmen and Indians in Colonial Virginia, discussed many issues between those indigenous to America and the pioneers, including; racism, imperialismRead MoreOpen Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano1734 Words   |  7 PagesMany books have discussed the history of Latin America and the influence that European powers had on the Americas. One of the many books written that has discussed the various aspects of Latin American history is the book, Open Veins of Latin America written by Eduardo Galeano. In his book, Eduardo Galeano reviewed the influences that European powers had in Latin America. The majority of the book focused on the ways in which countries in Latin America were exploited throughout their history. TheRead MoreThe Significance Of The Frontier By Frederick Jackson Turner869 Words   |  4 PagesJackson Turner s â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier† is, in his eyes, an accurate depiction of America s development since the Colonial Period. However, Turner s Frontier Thesis fails to discuss the involvement of two very specific groups of people, groups that certainly had too much of an effect on the progression of the country for him to safely leave out. Native Americans have a pivotal role in America s history, yet Turner s mentions of them in his thesis are extremely limited. For this reasonRead MoreImages Of America The European Writers902 Words   |  4 PagesImages of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement European exchanged cultures with North America when Leif Ericsson’s arrived at the new land at the year 1000. However European settlement started to spread after Columbus first voyage in 1492. In 16th century America became the golden arena for Europe and renaissance attracted adventures and opportunities for colonial aspirations of rival empires. Explorations in America increased fast and grew and by the time